Australia's Nobel Prize Winners for Science and Medical Research

2005 Professor Barry J Marshall and Professor J Robin Warren: Awarded the prize for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease 1996 Dr Peter Charles Doherty: Awarded the Nobel Prize for his research concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence.

1975 Sir John Warcup Cornforth: His research provided insights into the way the chemistry of enzymes is influenced by their three-dimensional structure.

1963 Sir John Carew Eccles: Awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology for work on the transmission of the nerve impulse.

1960 Sir (Frank) Macfarlane Burne: Awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine for his 'clonal selection' theory of antibody production and his insights into the phenomenon of immunological tolerance. It is said he provided the foundation for modern biotechnology and genetic engineering.

1945 Sir Howard Walter Florey: Awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine for his development of penicillin. Over the past century, tens and possibly hundreds of millions of lives have been saved thanks to the work of Sir Florey. The ramifications of Florey's work have been greater than "just" penicillin and "just" saving lives - the discovery of penicillin's astonishing properties opened the door to the development of many other antibiotics.

1915 Sir (William) Lawrence Bragg: The youngest recipient of the Nobel Prize which was jointly awarded with his father, Sir William Henry Bragg. Together they discovered the X-ray technique for investigating the structure of crystals.